高精密时频比对是实现全社会信息化系统高精度的时空一致性和时频稳定性的关键技术，为国民经济发展的关键领域提供统一的时间保障。硅单光子探测器凭借其高探测效率、低噪声、低时间抖动、易于集成等优势，成为高精度星地时间比对系统中的关键核心芯片。文中分析了硅单光子探测器探测效率、暗计数和时间抖动之间的相互制约关系，在深入分析硅单光子探测器的最新研究进展的基础上，有效地攻克了探测效率和时间抖动之间的相互制约矛盾，研制出光敏面直径为200 μm、室温下探测效率达50%、时间抖动仅为46 ps的硅单光子探测器芯片，最后简单介绍了该芯片在星地时间比对中的应用效果。

Flexible light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are highly desired for wearable devices, flexible displays, robotics, biomedicine, etc. Traditionally, the transfer process of an ultrathin wafer of about 10–30 μm to a flexible substrate is utilized. However, the yield is low, and it is not applicable to thick GaN LED chips with a 100 μm sapphire substrate. In this paper, transferable LED chips utilized the mature LED manufacture technique are developed, which possesses the advantage of high yield. The flexible LED array demonstrates good electrical and optical performance.

Broadband and omnidirectional antireflection coating is generally an effective way to improve solar cell efficiency, because the destructive interference between the reflected and incident light can maximize the light transmission into the absorption layer. In this paper, we report the incident quantum efficiency η_in, not incident energy or power, as the evaluation function by the ant colony algorithm optimization method, which is a swarm-based optimization method. Also, SPCTRL2 is proposed to be incorporated for accurate optimization because the solar irradiance on a receiver plane is dependent on position, season, and time. Cities of Quito, Beijing and Moscow are selected for two- and three-layer antireflective coating optimization over λ = [300, 1100] nm and θ = [0°, 90°]. The η_in increases by 0.26%, 1.37% and 4.24% for the above 3 cities, respectively, compared with that calculated by other rigorous optimization algorithms methods, which is further verified by the effect of position and time dependent solar spectrum on the antireflective coating design.

Two-dimensional apodized grating couplers are proposed with grating grooves realized by a series of nano-rectangles, with the feasibility of digital tailoring the equivalent refractive index of each groove in order to obtain the Gaussian output diffractive mode in order to enhance the coupling efficiency to the optical fiber. According to the requirement of leakage factor distribution for a Gaussian output profile, the corresponding effective refractive index of the grating groove, duty cycle, and period are designed according to the equivalent medium theory. The peak coupling efficiency of 93.1% at 1550 nm and 3 dB bandwidth of 82 nm are achieved.